LEVEL 2 • HANDS-ON ROBOTICS

Motors, sensors & autonomous navigation.

Learn how a humanoid steers through simplified left/right gait drives, how it measures obstacles, and how feedback makes it follow a track. Change the code, run it beside the rotatable 3D arena, and watch every robot movement across six progressive challenges.

0 / 6 missions completed

Saved on this device • Complete missions in any order

Live 3D robot simulator

Rotatable 3D arena • Animated walking and simplified gait-drive steering • Run controls beside the robot

Mission goal

Move carefully towards the green target.

—Position (x,y)

—Heading

—Front distance

—Left / Right leg drive

Choose a mission and press Run or Step.

Your robot program

Safe Python-style training commands • No external code execution

Write and modify your commands

Use Run / Step / Stop / Reset beside the 3D board above. You can keep watching the robot throughout each mission. Ctrl+Enter also runs the program.

Motors range from −100 to +100. Each tick is a small simulated interval. Indentation uses 4 spaces. Ctrl+Enter runs your program.

🚶 Gait-drive steering

The learning model gives each leg drive a speed. Equal values walk forward; unequal values steer or turn the humanoid.

📡 Distance sensor

Cast a forward sensing ray and use distance readings to decide when to slow, stop or turn away from obstacles.

🧠 Feedback logic

Use conditions inside repeating control loops. The robot reacts to sensor readings as its surroundings change.

〰️ Line tracking

Explore the left and right line detectors and a reference line-tracking controller that steers toward a route.

Humanoid learning model: motors(left,right,ticks) controls simplified left/right gait drives to demonstrate steering and sensing. Walking animation is illustrative; it does not model humanoid balance, joint torques or real walking hardware.

Command reference & what comes next

motors(left, right, ticks) — simulated left/right gait-drive percentage; negative means reverse. Example: motors(50,-50,4) rotates clockwise or counterclockwise depending on coordinate direction (in this arena, rightward is 0°).
distance_cm() — simulated forward range to the first obstacle or arena boundary. Use inside if distance_cm() < 28:, not as standalone Python.
obstacle_ahead() — true when front range is under 35 simulated centimetres. line_left() and line_right() check two virtual downward-facing detectors.
scan() — write the distance and line detector readings to the console.
repeat 12:, if ...: and else: — use a four-space indentation to group instructions.
follow_line(ticks) — a waypoint-assisted reference controller for learning closed-loop motion. It automatically adjusts motor powers. This is an educational helper, not a full physical sensor-only line-following algorithm.
brake() — stop the robot and finish execution.

Simulation note: Motor speeds, sensor ranges and robot movement are simplified learning models. They do not represent verified real-world hardware. Level 3 can introduce PID, joint encoders, balance control, hardware calibration, Arduino/ESP32 and safe physical robot control.